zero hours contract что это
Контракт нулевого часа
В 2015 году работодателям в Великобритании было запрещено предлагать контракты с нулевым рабочим днем, которые не позволяли сотрудникам одновременно работать на другого работодателя. В сентябре 2017 года Управление национальной статистики Великобритании подсчитало, что на контрактах с нулевым рабочим днем работают более 900000 человек, что составляет 2,9% от общей численности занятой рабочей силы.
Определение
Сотрудник может подписать соглашение о доступности для работы по мере необходимости, так что не указывается конкретное количество часов или время работы. [2]
В соответствии с законодательством Великобритании проводится различие между простым «работником» и «служащим», т.е. служащий имеет больше юридических прав, чем рабочий. [3] Неизвестно, является ли человек, работающий по контракту с нулевым рабочим временем, наемным работником или рабочим; тем не менее, даже в тех случаях, когда простой текст контракта нулевого часа обозначает лицо как «работник», суды сделали вывод о трудовых отношениях, основанных на взаимных обязательствах между работодателем и работником.
История
Статистика
Согласно исследованию CIPD, около 38% лиц, работающих по контрактам с нулевым рабочим днем, считают себя занятыми полный рабочий день, работая 30 или более часов в неделю. В то время как 66% тех, кто заключил контракты с нулевым рабочим днем, были довольны количеством отработанных часов [9], 16% считали, что у них нет возможности работать достаточно часов. Около 17% частных работодателей использовали контракты на нулевой рабочий день, в то время как их использовали 34% некоммерческих организаций и 24% государственных работодателей. Контракты с нулевым рабочим днем часто использовались в отелях, общественном питании и отдыхе (48%), образовании (35%) и здравоохранении (27%). [13]
Сообщалось, что среди работников по уходу на дому заболеваемость составила 55,7% от всех работников в период с 2008 по 2012 год. [15]
В 2011 году контракты на нулевое рабочее время использовались во многих отраслях экономики Великобритании: [16]
Работодателей
Контракты нулевого часа используются в частном, некоммерческом и государственном секторах Соединенного Королевства:
Обследование трудовых отношений, проведенное правительством Великобритании в 2004 и 2011 годах, показывает, что доля рабочих мест, на которых некоторые сотрудники работают по контрактам с нулевым рабочим днем, увеличилась с 4% в 2004 году до 8% в 2011 году. Исследование показало, что более крупные компании с большей вероятностью будут использовать контракты на нулевой рабочий день. В 2011 году 23% рабочих мест со 100 и более сотрудниками использовали контракты с нулевым рабочим днем, по сравнению с 11% рабочих мест с 50–99 сотрудниками и 6% с менее чем 50 сотрудниками. [26]
Полемика
В документальном фильме Channel 4 от 1 августа 2013 года утверждалось, что Amazon использовала «спорные» контракты нулевого часа в качестве инструмента для выговора персоналу. [31]
Хвалить
Временные трудовые договоры в Канаде не могут иметь «гарантированного минимального рабочего времени» [41], «не накладывать на работодателя никаких обязательств по предоставлению работы», а оплата может быть «пропорциональной в соответствии с отработанным временем». [42] [ нужен лучший источник ]
Законопроект, запрещающий контракты нулевого часа в Новой Зеландии, был единогласно принят 10 марта 2016 года и вступил в силу 1 апреля. [45]
Q&A: What are zero-hours contracts?
Ed Miliband has vowed that a Labour government would give employees on «exploitative» zero-hours contracts the legal right to a regular contract after they have worked 12 weeks of regular hours.
Q: What are zero-hours contracts?
A: Zero-hours contracts, or casual contracts, allow employers to hire staff with no guarantee of work.
They mean employees work only when they are needed by employers, often at short notice. Their pay depends on how many hours they work.
Some zero-hours contracts require workers to take the shifts they are offered, while others do not.
Sick pay is often not included, although holiday pay should be, in line with working time regulations.
Q: Who is on them?
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) says that 697,000 people were employed on zero-hours contracts for their main job between October and December 2014, based on figures from the Labour Force Survey. That represents 2.3% of the UK workforce.
This figure is higher than the figure of 586,000 (1.9% of people in employment) reported for the same period in 2013. The ONS said it was unclear how much of the rise was due to greater recognition of the term «zero-hours contracts», rather than new contracts being offered.
The number of contracts that do not guarantee a minimum number of hours was 1.8 million as of August 2014. That was 400,000 more than the previous estimate for January 2014.
The ONS said the differences in the two totals could reflect seasonal factors, because they cover different times of the year.
A survey of employers by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) found that a third of voluntary sector organisations used zero-hours contracts, along with a quarter of public sector employers and 17% of private sector firms.
A high proportion of staff at companies including retailer Sports Direct, pub chain JD Wetherspoon and cinema operator Cineworld are on zero-hours contracts. They are also used by other employers, including a number of London councils and Buckingham Palace.
Q: Why are they controversial?
A: There is concern that zero-hours contracts do not offer enough financial stability and security.
The ONS found that employees on such a contract worked an average of 25 hours a week.
The CIPD research found that 16% of zero-hours workers said their employer often failed to provide them with sufficient hours each week.
The ONS said that zero-hours workers were more likely to be women or in full-time education and aged under 25 or over 65.
Employees on zero-hours contracts also do not have the same employment rights as those on traditional contracts, and critics are concerned that the contracts are being used to avoid employers’ responsibilities to employees.
Q: Why do employers use them?
Employers say zero-hours contracts allow them to take on staff in response to fluctuating demand for their services, in sectors such as tourism and hospitality.
Employers also say that many workers appreciate the flexibility that a zero-hours contract gives them. Some 38% of workers in the CIPD research described themselves as employed full-time, working 30 hours or more a week, despite being on zero hours.
Michael Burd, joint head of employment at the law firm Lewis Silkin, says the majority of employers use zero-hour contracts, not to avoid giving employees their rights, but to avoid paying fixed overheads and give them flexibility over their workforce.
He points out that this flexibility is envied by employers in struggling economies such as Spain and Greece, where potential costs may dissuade employers from taking on staff.
The Institute of Directors has voiced concern about Labour’s proposed policy, saying the changes would be unnecessary and potentially damaging.
Christian May, head of communications and campaigns, said: «Limiting the use of a zero-hours contract to just 12 weeks would apply rigid controls on an important element of our flexible labour market. They are used by a little over 2% of workers, which can hardly be described as an epidemic. Nobody supports the misuse of these contracts, but demonising and ultimately outlawing them will simply risk jobs.»
Simon Rice-Birchall, partner at law firm Eversheds, said it was not clear how the proposed new right would apply, given that Labour refers to «employees» rather than «workers».
«Many staff on zero-hours contracts are workers and do not have full employment status. In addition, depending how the change in the law is drafted, there is a risk that some employers may simply offer contracts with minimal fixed hours to limit its impact,» he said.
zero hours contract
1 время
время, затраченное на бурение скважины — net drilling days
до настоящего времени, и по сию пору — to the present day
наши дни, наше время — these latter days, our own day
время жизни; срок службы — life time
тариф, зависящий от времени суток — time-of-day rate
до того времени; до тех пор — until then
долгое время; долговременный — long time
время цикла; во время цикла — cycle time
время, когда на улицах нет большого движения — slack hours
в обычный час, в обычное время — at the customary hour
предобеденный час ; время коктейлей — cocktail hour
по временам, иногда — at whiles
2 рабочее время
время, когда на улицах нет большого движения — slack hours
наши дни, наше время — these latter days, our own day
в обычный час, в обычное время — at the customary hour
сторожевой таймер; контрольное реле времени — watchdog timer
показывать время; показывать, который час — to tell the time
предобеденный час ; время коктейлей — cocktail hour
свободные часы; свободное время — the off hours
время цикла; во время цикла — cycle time
долгое время; долговременный — long time
время, затраченное на выполнение рейса — block-to-block time
время установления сигнала; время успокоения — settling time
время, проведённое за картами — a spell at cardplaying
3 контракт с оплатой рабочего времени
4 контракт с оплатой рабочего времени
5 приработок во внеурочное время
время, когда на улицах нет большого движения — slack hours
наши дни, наше время — these latter days, our own day
в обычный час, в обычное время — at the customary hour
предобеденный час ; время коктейлей — cocktail hour
приработок во внеурочное время; работа по совместительству — hour job
6 рабочий
незанятые рабочие; неиспользуемая рабочая сила — idle labour
7 труд квалифицированных рабочих
неквалифицированный рабочий; разнорабочий — unskilled worker
незанятые рабочие; неиспользуемая рабочая сила — idle labour
9 Eliminate Range Zero Situation
10 Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract
11 L.J. Public Contract Law Journal
12 O&M contract
13 Output- and Performance- based Road Contract
14 Public Contract Law Journal
15 Zero Mechanical State
16 logistic capability contract
17 percentage of proceeds contract
18 zero defect
См. также в других словарях:
zero hours contract — A contract under which the employer does not guarantee to provide the worker with any work and pays the worker only for work actually carried out. Also sometimes known as an umbrella contract. Practical Law Dictionary. Glossary of UK, US and… … Law dictionary
Zero hour contract — A Zero Hour Contract is a recent type of contract under which an employer does not guarantee the employee a fixed number of hours per week; rather, the employee is expected to be on call and receive compensation only for hours worked.ources*… … Wikipedia
Zero Layoff Policy — A type of company policy that dictates that no employees would be terminated as a result of business based purposes dictated by th economy. This policy does not exempt termination as a result of poor performance or other violations of the… … Investment dictionary
umbrella contract — This term is often used in the context of casual workers. An umbrella contract of employment describes an over arching contract which may be implied by conduct of the parties where there would otherwise be gaps between individual employment… … Law dictionary
Coke Zero 400 — Powered By Coca Cola at Daytona Venue Daytona International Speedway Sponsor The Coca Cola Company First race … Wikipedia
The Draughtsman’s Contract — Cover of the 1999 Fox Lorber DVD release of The Draughtsman s Contract Directed by Peter Greenaway … Wikipedia
Suzuka 8 Hours — The Coca Cola Zero Suzuka 8 Hours (Japanese: 鈴鹿8時間耐久ロードレース Trans: Suzuka hachi jikan taikyū rōdo rēsu, Literal Translation: Suzuka 8 Hours Endurance Road Race) is an endurance motorcycle race held at the Suzuka Circuit in Japan each year. As the… … Wikipedia
Atlas Cheetah — Cheetah Role Fighter Jet Manufacturer Atlas Aviation Introduction … Wikipedia
Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… … Universalium
Business and Industry Review — ▪ 1999 Introduction Overview Annual Average Rates of Growth of Manufacturing Output, 1980 97, Table Pattern of Output, 1994 97, Table Index Numbers of Production, Employment, and Productivity in Manufacturing Industries, Table (For Annual… … Universalium
Zero hour contracts
Zero hour contracts means that workers are employed without any guarantee about the amount of work they will gain.
A sharp rise in zero hour contracts since 2011.
Zero hour contracts involve:
Themes in zero-hour contracts
Zero hour contracts are more likely to be found in sectors, such as accommodation and food, and health and social work. This includes jobs, such as interpretors, sales, care works and even security.
According to government estimates 23% of employers now use zero hour contracts, including firms, such as the Co-op funeral staff, the House of Lords, Boots, McDonald’s, Poundland, Abercrombie & Fitch Bupa, Cineworld, Centerparcs, and the NHS.
Age profile
Actual hours worked
Criticisms of zero hour contracts
Benefits of zero hour contracts
Related
2 thoughts on “Zero hour contracts”
Broadly this article presents three points in the defence and support of ‘zero hours contracts’ as against seven criticising such contracts. Of the three points defending such contracts two are clearly on the side of the employer. There are many more points which I can raise in argument against these contracts, suffice to say that they are totally exploitative and have the effect of treating the worker not like a human being but as an object that can be exploited for the sole benefit of the employer. These contracts could only have come into being because employers today have the upper hand. The situation is victorian and strips the worker of all dignity. As a start I would ask anyone promoting these contracts to try living on no income at all for months and with the added uncertainty of not knowing when they would get any work. I have had to work under this sort of contract for a number of years and the best wish I have for those who ever devised these sorts of contracts and those who use them is that they all roast in hell for eternity. I have suffered under this kind of exploitation for too long ; a human being should never have to suffer like I have. It is intolerable and has brought me to the verge of ruin.
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zero-hours contract
1 время
время, затраченное на бурение скважины — net drilling days
до настоящего времени, и по сию пору — to the present day
наши дни, наше время — these latter days, our own day
время жизни; срок службы — life time
тариф, зависящий от времени суток — time-of-day rate
до того времени; до тех пор — until then
долгое время; долговременный — long time
время цикла; во время цикла — cycle time
время, когда на улицах нет большого движения — slack hours
в обычный час, в обычное время — at the customary hour
предобеденный час ; время коктейлей — cocktail hour
по временам, иногда — at whiles
2 рабочее время
время, когда на улицах нет большого движения — slack hours
наши дни, наше время — these latter days, our own day
в обычный час, в обычное время — at the customary hour
сторожевой таймер; контрольное реле времени — watchdog timer
показывать время; показывать, который час — to tell the time
предобеденный час ; время коктейлей — cocktail hour
свободные часы; свободное время — the off hours
время цикла; во время цикла — cycle time
долгое время; долговременный — long time
время, затраченное на выполнение рейса — block-to-block time
время установления сигнала; время успокоения — settling time
время, проведённое за картами — a spell at cardplaying
3 контракт с оплатой рабочего времени
4 контракт с оплатой рабочего времени
5 приработок во внеурочное время
время, когда на улицах нет большого движения — slack hours
наши дни, наше время — these latter days, our own day
в обычный час, в обычное время — at the customary hour
предобеденный час ; время коктейлей — cocktail hour
приработок во внеурочное время; работа по совместительству — hour job
6 рабочий
незанятые рабочие; неиспользуемая рабочая сила — idle labour
7 труд квалифицированных рабочих
неквалифицированный рабочий; разнорабочий — unskilled worker
незанятые рабочие; неиспользуемая рабочая сила — idle labour
9 Eliminate Range Zero Situation
10 Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract
11 L.J. Public Contract Law Journal
12 O&M contract
13 Output- and Performance- based Road Contract
14 Public Contract Law Journal
15 Zero Mechanical State
16 logistic capability contract
17 percentage of proceeds contract
18 zero defect
См. также в других словарях:
zero hours contract — A contract under which the employer does not guarantee to provide the worker with any work and pays the worker only for work actually carried out. Also sometimes known as an umbrella contract. Practical Law Dictionary. Glossary of UK, US and… … Law dictionary
Zero hour contract — A Zero Hour Contract is a recent type of contract under which an employer does not guarantee the employee a fixed number of hours per week; rather, the employee is expected to be on call and receive compensation only for hours worked.ources*… … Wikipedia
Zero Layoff Policy — A type of company policy that dictates that no employees would be terminated as a result of business based purposes dictated by th economy. This policy does not exempt termination as a result of poor performance or other violations of the… … Investment dictionary
umbrella contract — This term is often used in the context of casual workers. An umbrella contract of employment describes an over arching contract which may be implied by conduct of the parties where there would otherwise be gaps between individual employment… … Law dictionary
Coke Zero 400 — Powered By Coca Cola at Daytona Venue Daytona International Speedway Sponsor The Coca Cola Company First race … Wikipedia
The Draughtsman’s Contract — Cover of the 1999 Fox Lorber DVD release of The Draughtsman s Contract Directed by Peter Greenaway … Wikipedia
Suzuka 8 Hours — The Coca Cola Zero Suzuka 8 Hours (Japanese: 鈴鹿8時間耐久ロードレース Trans: Suzuka hachi jikan taikyū rōdo rēsu, Literal Translation: Suzuka 8 Hours Endurance Road Race) is an endurance motorcycle race held at the Suzuka Circuit in Japan each year. As the… … Wikipedia
Atlas Cheetah — Cheetah Role Fighter Jet Manufacturer Atlas Aviation Introduction … Wikipedia
Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… … Universalium
Business and Industry Review — ▪ 1999 Introduction Overview Annual Average Rates of Growth of Manufacturing Output, 1980 97, Table Pattern of Output, 1994 97, Table Index Numbers of Production, Employment, and Productivity in Manufacturing Industries, Table (For Annual… … Universalium